Jean-Baptiste Jeangène Vilmer, director of the IRSEM and member of the Executive Board of the Fondation Descartes, has published a comparative analysis of the measures taken at the state level by Canada, France, the United Kingodm and Sweden to combat disinformation. The report proposes a series of recommendations derived from the strengths identified in each of these countries. These namely include the creation of a government agency specialized in the fight against disinformation, transparency of the measures taken regarding citizens (and the respect of private freedoms and freedom of opinion), the enhancement of cooperation between various actors involved (states, NGOs, institutes, associations, journalists, etc.), and the promotion of media and information literacy.